Delance said:Even tough they are not the exactly the same, they have similarities.
Not any that matter to this discussion, and not any that justify you’re using them as synonyms or otherwise suggesting that one implies the other. Please don’t do that.
Moral relativism claims there are no moral rules correct for everyone, since each one have their own set of rules, which is right for them.
There are many “schools” on relativism (and so it is naive–and “evil”!–to try to associate it with a specific normative claim like nihilism). Moreover, it’s principally a pragmatic, not a metaphysical (let alone hysterical), theory or program.
Nihilism claim there's no moral rules at all.
Wrong. Nihilism’s thesis is that the human endeavor to perceive/conceive an objective moral system is useless, and so senseless. But the futility can derive from any number of different reasons. There is no such thing as objectivity. The human brain is not powerful enough. Metaphysics in general is bunk. And so on. (Personally, I find the arguments rife with non sequiturs.)
Both claim there's no objective set of moral rules.
That can be true for nihilism (depending on the “source” of the claimed futility). However, relativism–despite what the occasional “materialist” or “mysterian” respectively wants to believe or denounce–is generally neutral on the question.
Both maintain there's no good or evil for everyone.
False (for reasons already stated). But I must say I sense a kind of desperation here that borders on paranoia. Who’s afraid of nihilism? You seem to be arguing that everyone should be. Yet it’s hard to take it as a real threat. Certainly there’s nothing to prevent a “madman” from using it as a facade for social revolution (which is certainly not to say that the attempt at revolution wouldn’t happen otherwise; oh, it would), but as for nihilism itself “catching fire” as a practical/political ideology, you’re dreaming, very much like the so-called deconstructivists were.
In short, relax, humanity’s safe on that score. (However, there is an “n-word” you would do much better to be worried about. Neuroscience.)
Both positions simply cannot classify the Kilrathi as evil. Nihilists can't because they don't believe "evil" exists, and Relativists because the Kilrathi were not evil by their own standards.
Wrong (ditto for prior comments). Nihilists won’t (not can’t). Relativists, on the other hand, never tire of studying and trying to understand what a given person or culture or state (or world or galaxy or universe) regards as good or evil, and would certainly not hesitate to confirm how Confed sees the Kilrathi, and vice versa (taking the fictional WCU at face value).
But I want to ask again: what’s the point of pegging “something” as truly evil (as opposed to the lesser “bad” or “wrong” or “threatening")? I can see the attraction, as in puzzle-solving, of a philosophical, and in turn historical, analysis. Otherwise, I don’t get why it should be an all-important question. How would pegging “something” with the ultimate metaphysical condemnation amount to a real difference in the real world? I don’t see that it would. (Nor does it, if history is any guide.) So I suspect that the “concern” is just a slippery slope argument that if we don’t make the effort to “find” or “see” genuine evil in the world, then we’ll stop caring about morality and ethics altogether. And to that I say (largely for the reasons below), rubbish!
There can be no shades of gray, plural, if there's no good and evil. Gray is composed of both good AND evil on different proportions.
Mostly wrong. Grey (as others have pointed out) is composed of black and white, which can be any number of distinct dualistic extremes–life and death, good and evil, right and wrong, benefit and detriment, pleasure and pain, love and hate, honor and betrayal, etc., etc., etc. If there is no “good and evil” as such, there will still, and always, be shades of grey to invoke or challenge our decision making. And I would also contend to much the same result.
Quarto said:Without black and white, there ain't no gray.
True, but which came first? This is the same fight Plato and Aristotle had, and it’s even mirrored today in science, where particle physicists have faith that there is a “theory of everything”, and many solid-state physicists suspect instead that reality will only ever yield to lots of theories about different things. But in terms of human morality, and in particular considering evolution, I have a hard time seeing how “black and white” could have come first. (And we know it certainly didn’t for Adam and Eve..)