Here's the Space Forces ranks...
Enlisted Ranks
Spacehand (E1)
Spacehand, 2nd Class (E2)
Spacehand, 1st Class (E3)
Senior Spacehand (E4)
Staff Sergeant (E5)
Tech Sergeant (E6)
Master Sergeant (E7)
Senior Master Sergeant (E8)
Chief Master Sergeant (E9)
Officer Ranks
2nd Lieutenant (01)
1st Lieutenant (02)
Captain (03)
Major (04)
Lieutenant Colonel (05)
Colonel (06)
Brigadier General (07)
Lieutenant General (08)
Major General (09)
General (010)
And here's the Confed medals we know of...
Gold Star - Exceptional bravery against hopeless odds. Second awards are given as 'bars'.
Silver Star - Exceptional bravery against overwhelming opposition. Second awards are given as 'bars'.
Bronze Star - Exceptional bravery under fire. Second awards are given as 'bars'.
Blaze - Conspicious Gallantry
Golden Sun - Surviving the destruction of one's ship.
Victoria Cross - Most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice or extreme devotion to duty in the presence of the enemy.
Distinguished Service Cross - Extraordinary heroism in action against an enemy of the Terran Confederation or while serving with friendly foreign forces.
Century Award - 100 confirmed air-to-air kills.
Ace of Aces Medal - 25 confirmed air-to-air kills. 50, 75, 100 and 125 kills are awarded 'bars' -- 150 is a second medal, and so forth in that cycle.
Flying Cross - Awarded to Officers and Warrant Officers for an act or acts of valour, courage, or devotion to duty performed whilst flying in active operations against the enemy.
Vegan Victory Award - Awarded for actions during the Vega Campaign (can be awarded with Diamonds).
Senatorial Star - Some Navy medal.
Senatorial Medal of Honor (Pewter Planet) - Highest medal awarded to military personel.
Red Comet - Awarded to pilots honorably killed in action.
Medal of Freedom - Civilian equivalent of the Medal of Honor.
Wing refers to the entire, self-sufficient fighter complement of a carrier. Usually around 100 craft of varying types. Wings are made up of squadrons... (Note that some carriers -- the Vesuvius and Midway classes -- carry more than one wing of fighters).
Squadrons are smaller, more specific groups of 8 to 16 fighters each.