You forget two things.
Firstly, the Kilrathi worn born and rasied to fight a war. Their governemnt and military and forces were geared towards a system-to-system conflict of assimilation and eventually eradication. They were prepared, ConFed wasn't. This left them scavaging for the rest of the war to fight with whatever the could scramble online. They simply didn't have resources online from the beginning to fight the war. In WC3 we see them throwing 30 year old carriers into service as frontline ships. In the meantime the Kilrathi have enough front line ships to fight the war, AND to Mass a fleet at Kilrah, just to show you the comparison. The Kilrathi in addition were sucidial fighters. They would ram their enemies to take them out of the fight. Once the war became a war of total Eradication they used radiation weapons to destroy whole planets and ecosystems, while Confed fought them with thirty year old carriers and whatever they could scramble online. There simply wasn't time to prepare those kinds of specailty weapons. Further, as the war progressed, it took 90% of Confeds resources not to prosecute the war, but to fight it defensivly and hold onto their terroritory. Again, there was no time nor resources to prepare some kind of special attack. The Kilrathi (who have ambush fighters disguesed as asteroids by the way) had all the time in the world to prepare for their attack, and they used it to their advantage. There first strike set the stage of the entire war: They would hurt Confed badly, but they could not simply beat them into submission.
Secondly, the Confederation Military (to some extent) had it's hands tied during the war. There was a limit on what they could and could not do, in partly because of resources, but also because of the government. There is a large allusion to this by Tolwyn in False Colors, when he mentions that the military personel didn't have direct control over all of their assets. In addition, the secret operations and weapons being developed were highly classified and compartmentalized. After spending 50 Billion dollars to design and test an epoxy missile to freeze enemy turrets, before we even discussing what retooling their factories would cost in time and money, do you think Congress is going to allow them to simply start building it and then turn it loose against the Kilrathi? Do you think Congress is going to approve funds for a project such as that, or for say, the build up of a convential fleet to defend their planets and government sectors? And then, you have to take a hundred factories offline, re-tool them, re supply them, and kick them back into gear. More money down the drain. A few months without 100 factories probably would have killed the Confed. And then the missiles start trickling in. Soon there's one dumbfire, the Kilrathi catch it, reverse engineer it, build a shield for it, and now Confed is out 50 Mil, plus 200 mil they spent on the factories, and we just gave the Kilrathi a new toy. In the Kilrathi Empire, the Emporer orders them to build more ships, and they do it. Do you know the kind of process you would have to go through to do the same thing in the Confederation? No one really does, but their government is structured largely as the US government, which means it's built to NOT get anything done.
All of that being said, let's now discuss the concepts you came up with.
a) Giant Unfurable screens: Do you know what star charts are? If you look at a screen and it blocks the stars behind it, wouldn't you KNOW something is there? Solution: Paint on a star chart. Conclusion: This would be so costly, you'd have to carry a million screens for every possible position you might deploy the carrier in. Repainting is to expensive and time consuming, we're talking about a combat carrier not an art gallery. Also, the screen to be able to be carried manuvered rolled up and deployed would be to weak to provide any protection for to much of a cost. Fact of the matter is that Carriers are MOBILE assets. Tie them to one PLace and they die. America learned the lesson the hard way in World War II.
b) Advanced recon units: Hell, have you played the game? You think they send fighters on patrol for your entertainment? Or maybe...*Gasp* To pinpoint enemy locations in advance?
c) Super Polymar Missiles: One word: Shields. Beyond that, have you considered how cold a true Vacumn is? That stuff would freeze before it ever hit it's target enough to do any good. Is that good? No. Ships Hulls can survive missile and laser hits, as can their shields. Impacting either with frozen glue is utterly useless. Same goes for blinding a fighter.
d) Pistol Guns: Do you know what Close in Weapons are? They look like R2D2's and fire like gatlin guns. Hundres of rounds a second. Right at incoming missiles. Computer Controlled. Most Navy ships have them. Confed Navy Ships have them. When there are four guns, and 200 hundred missiles, how do you shoot them all down? Or do you plan to attack enemy ships with just a single bomber and torpedo?
e) Decoy Fighters and Decoy Ships: These cost money and time. But on a side not, when the Battle of Jukar Tag went down (Am I spelling that name correctly?) Confed had a group of Corvettes in Enigma running false signals to fool the Kilrathi into thinking all their Carriers were farther away then they really were. This is costly and stupid. Such ships would have to have power, or be detected as inactive immediatly and disregarded. This goes the same for fighters. Also, you seem to to be under the mistaken impression that fleet carriers have gobs of unused cargo space they can carry dummy fighters in. If your going to do that, why not carry another group of REAL Fighters that can do REAL damage?
f) Pilot and a Gunner: I don't think this really deserves a response but the Thunderbolt and Longbow Bombers both had turrets to be operated by gunners. In addition the Sabre had two turrets (Or just one? Not sure.) and the Broadsword had THREE, all designed to be operated by gunners during combat. Later the Shrike and the other bomber (Devestator? I don't recall the Prophecy bomber name) both had turrets you could fight from, that could carrier gunners. By the way, most bombers deployed with two crewman, one to fly and one to control the torpedo. And what do you think, Confed had a dozen factories building fighter pilots? It takes time and money to train them, to things we have safely established that the confed did not have.
g) Asteroid fighters: Aside from uses in an asteroid field, what good are these? You have to refuel and re arm them, don't you think that'd be noticed? Besides that, the Kilrathi had such fighters because they were ready to fight a war...Confed had to make do with whatever the could poor onto the lines in the last minutes before a battle.
h) Obviously Cunning and Salvaging aren't Confed's greatest strenghts. I have four points to make here. First the aforementioned battle at Jukar Tag. The Confed brilliantly Ambushed a Kilrathi Fleet. Not JUST A kilrathi fleet, but the Homeguard fleet, the Kilrathi Elite, and eliminated a good portion of those forces. Second, at the same time a deep raid into the HEART of the Kilrathi Empire, their home system itself was launched, eliminating five carriers under construction AND their shipyards. This strike was preformed by a destoryer (I think) A LIGHT Escort Carrier, Division of Marines, and a Corvette. If that's not salvaging I dunno what is. As for cunning, the entire brilliance of the operation speaks to that safely. But wait! There's more! (Now I feel like an infomercial) The opening battle at Mcaullfie caught the Confed almost entirly by surprise. Half their forces weren't prepared, something like 75% died. The whole base was lost and destroyed. As for cunning and Salvaging, with meager reinforcements and about 1/10th the strenght of the Kilrathi Fleet Confed forces in the system and arriving to support managed to beat back the Kilrathi Advance and hold the planet despite bumbled attempts by the senior command staff which did very little to command the battle. I'm not done yet. After decommissioning their entire fleet, when Confed learned that a larger then ever Kilrathi fleet led by ships larger then anything ever seen carrying more forces then had ever been waged before int he war, they managed to scramble enough forces back online to stop the Kilrathi advance before they struck Earth. You want cunning? They threw Marines in with a weak wave of fighter and assualt transport craft, boarded the Kilrathi super carriers, and blew them to hell with antimatter mines. I guess that was a stupid move, even though it won them the day. I guess they suck at salvaging, because they obviously didn't do that when they brought in their fleet to save Earth.
Don't drag down Confed for the way the war was fought. They had limited resources, limited time, and poor politicol support. They did what had to be done to save the Human race, and I wouldn't see them go back on any of it. Not their failed projects or tactics. Except that Armistice. That was just stupid. Aside from that every aspect of the Confed war was Cunning. Everything they did was salvaging. And they did it so well they beat back a greater more powerful enemy who initiated the conflict with the strongest desire to win. And enemy who was prepared when Confed was not.
Don't attack Confed. They did what they had to do, and they did it well.